Silvia C.Gallegos

Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle, Germany

IsabellHensen

Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle, Germany

MatthiasSchleuning

Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) & Senckenberg Gesellschaft fuer Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany

Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)

Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) & Senckenberg Gesellschaft fuer Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany

Custodian/StewardWe studied the effects of secondary dispersal on seed predation, germination and seedling recruitment of the primarily bird-dispersed tree Clusia trochiformis in a tropical montane forest in Bolivia. We carried out exclosure experiments that allowed or excluded access to seeds by vertebrates in three habitat types (forest interior, degraded habitat close to and degraded habitat far from the forest margin) in a spatial block design at six sites. We offered a total of 1,440 seeds (both with and without an aril) and marked half of them with a thread to follow their fate after 48 h and after 1 month.deforestationexclusionsecondary dispersalseed germinationseed predationseedling recruitmenttropical forestBolivia, La Paz, Sud Yungas, Chulumani-67.52-67.52-16.4-16.42012-02-022012-03-31GenusClusiaSpeciestrochiformisMatthiasSchleuning

Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) & Senckenberg Gesellschaft fuer Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt (Main), Germany

Matthias.Schleuning@senckenberg.deSilvia C.Gallegos

Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle, Germany

IsabellHensen

Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle, Germany

SGallegos_SDP.csv Gallegos_SDP.csv152873 1#x0Acolumn ;ecogrid://knb/sgallegos.11.1publicread NumberNumber of offered seeds (correlative from 1 to 1440) Code natural SITEThe first letters of the name of the site VBVilla Belen ANTAntena CHIChimasi ARCArriba de casa RINRinconada LAMLambate BLOCKThe location of each block (includes SITE-HABIT). Four depots constitute one BLOCK. Location of the blockSITE-HABIT DEPOTThe location of each depot (includes SITE-HABIT-EXCL-REPL). Twenty seeds on a fabric constitute one DEPOT. Location of the depotSITE-HABIT-EXCL-REPL HABITHABITATHabitat types: 1Forest= Forest interior; 2DegCLOSE= Degraded habitat close to the forest margin; 3DegFAR= Degraded habitat far from the forest margin. 1ForestForest interior 2DegCLOSEDegraded close to the forest margin 3DegFARDegraded far from the forest margin EXCLEXCLUSIONExclusion treatment (i.e., if the depot was covered with an exclusion cage or not). E= with an exclusion cage; X= open treatment (i.e., without an exclusion cage). EWith an exclusion cage XWithout an exclusion cage (open treatment) REPLREPLICATEReplicate from depot. In each block, two depots (A and B) were set with an exclusion cage and two depots (A and B) without an exclusion cage. AReplicate A BReplicate B SEEDNumber ID from the seed in the depot (from 1 to 20) Code natural ARILEAril treatment. If the seeds were offered with an aril (pulp surrounding the seed) or were offered cleaned (manually with latex gloves). 1= arillate (i.e., seeds offered with an aril); 0= cleaned seeds (i.e, seeds offered without an aril). 1arillate seed (offered with an aril) 0cleaned seed (offered without an aril) THREADA 20 cm nylon fishing line was passed through half of the offered seeds. 1= seed offered with a thread; 0= seed offered without a thread. 1The seed was offered with a thread 0The seed was offered without a thread SD1Secondary dispersal 1Secondary dispersal during the first 48 hours. If the offered seeds were recovered intact away from the fabric during the first 48 hours, they were registered as secondarily dispersed seeds. 0= The seed was not secondarily dispersed; 1= The seed was secondarily dispersed 0The seed was not secondarily dispersed 1The seed was secondarily dispersed NAThe seed disappeared SD1DISTSecondarily dispersal distance 1Distance of secondary seed dispersal in cm during the first 48 hours. The distance was measured from the fabric edge. To account for the distance from the centre of the fabric to its edge, we added 5 cm to the measured distance for all secondarily dispersed seeds. centimeter whole NAThe seed disappeared P5Seed predation 5Seed predation after one moth. A seed was classified as predated if more than a half of the seed was eaten, and the other part recovered, or if the thread was recovered without a seed. 0= The seed was not predated 1= The seed was predated 0The seed was not predated 1The seed was predated NAThe seed disappeared SD1_5Secondary dispersal 1_5Secondary dispersal after 1 month. If the offered seeds were recovered intact away from the fabric after 1 month, they were registered as secondarily dispersed seeds. 0= The seed was not secondarily dispersed; 1= The seed was secondarily dispersed 0The seed was not secondarily dispersed 1The seed was secondarily dispersed NAThe seed disappeared SD1_5DISTSecondarily dispersal distance 1_5Distance of secondary seed dispersal in cm after 1 month. The distance was measured from the fabric edge. To account for the distance from the centre of the fabric to its edge, we added 5 cm to the measured distance for all secondarily dispersed seeds. For the analyses all distances of secondary dispersal were log 10 transformed. centimeter whole NAThe seed disappeared GERM5GerminationSeed germination after 1 month. All predated seeds were designated with NA, because predation limited their ability of germination. 0= The seed did not germinate (was dead); 1= The seed germinated. 1The seed germinated 0The seed did not germinate i.e., seed was dead NAThe seed disappeared or was predated RECR5RecruitmentSeedling recruitment after 1 month. All predated seeds did not recruit consequently they were designated with 0. 0= The seedling did not recruit; 1= The seedling recruited. 1The seedling recruited 0The seedling did not recruit NAThe seed disappeared1441SGallegos_SDP.csvSGallegos_SDP.csv152873CSVhttps://dataportal.senckenberg.de/dataset/afada222-8bfd-4ba8-a79e-52ad1e0ad158/resource/acd7fe6f-7203-44bc-b386-eec546380664/download/sgallegos_sdp.csvOther Code