Substitutes for three important NTFP species in Benin (Parkia biglobosa, Adansonia digitata, Vitellaria paradoxa)

In this study, we identified dietary substitutes for the three socio-economically most important NTFP species in Northern Benin, Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa, and Adansonia digitata (Heubach et al., 2013). These species are also used in other household domains. However, since, according to Heubach et al. (2013) their contribution to daily diet is their most important usage, we focused our analysis correspondingly. Specifically, we asked for substitutes of seeds from V. paradoxa (‘shea butter’; cooking oil) and P. biglobosa (´Soumbala´; local condiment) as well as seeds and leaves of A. digitata (used in sauces, soups, porridge etc.).